{"id":3373,"date":"2020-08-13T18:57:44","date_gmt":"2020-08-13T22:57:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/100-years-of-radio-broadcasting-in-montreal\/"},"modified":"2023-08-24T11:29:43","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T15:29:43","slug":"100-years-of-radio-broadcasting-in-montreal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/en\/100-years-of-radio-broadcasting-in-montreal\/","title":{"rendered":"100 Years of Radio Broadcasting in Montreal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t

In May 2020, Montreal will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the first successful broadcasting transmission in Canada. It will also celebrate the inauguration of radio station XWA as the first professional broadcasting station in Canada. These accomplishments are a result of the inventive genius and discoveries of a group of international researchers, including Canadian Reginald Aubrey Fessenden, as well as of the expertise of many Montreal technicians and workers. These achievements also mark the onset of a social transformation that was to change the face of the world. The true power of sound waves magic had just been set free.<\/p>\n

The exhibition is now closed.<\/strong> The exhibition dates were February 2020 to February 2023.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"MOEB\n

\n\t\tPre-1919 – The Pioneer Era\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe pioneers<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

The history of radio is marked by the discoveries of many famous researchers, including Frenchman \u00c9douard Branly (1844-1940), Englishman John A. Fleming (1849-1945), Austrian Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), Russian Alexander S. Popov (1859-1906), American Lee DeForest (1873-1961), Italian Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937), as well as Canadian Reginald A. Fessenden (1866-1932), the first to transmit both speech and music over radio waves. Together, they made it possible to switch from spark-gap transmitters to vacuum tubes and continuous waves, thus creating the basis of wireless telephony, what we now call radio.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tGuglielmo Marconi in Canada<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

A central figure in the global development of radio, Guglielmo Marconi has had a significant impact on Canadian and Montreal history specifically. In 1901, the Italian inventor makes possible the first transatlantic transmission of a Morse code signal between Poldhu, England and Signal Hill on the island of Newfoundland. Just two years later, after obtaining a Canadian business charter for the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of Canada (MWTC)<\/i>, Marconi establishes his company on Notre-Dame Street in Montreal. It is here that developments lead to the establishment of the experimental – and later commercial – radio station XWA.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe need for wireless telegraphy<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

In the years that follow, interest in wireless telegraphy grows in industries like maritime navigation, as well as in the areas of science and education. It is during this period that the Titanic<\/i> is lost at sea, an incident that clearly demonstrates the usefulness of this invention. Thanks to wireless telegraphy, hundreds of lives are saved when the ship sinks on the morning of April 15, 1912, sparking the public’s interest in this new technology. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tContributions of Reginald Aubrey Fessenden<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

While Marconi develops the ability to send telegraph signals over radio waves across long distances, new research leads to voice transmission over the same waves. In December 1900, Canadian Reginald A. Fessenden successfully transmits his voice between Maryland and Virginia, a distance of 80 km. Six years later, Fessenden also becomes the first to transmit simultaneously voice and music, which is heard by several ships at sea. Amplitude modulation transmission, commonly known as “AM,” has just been invented. However, its use will not become widespread until after the First World War.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t1919-1928 – The Beginnings of Broadcasting \n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\tStation XWA makes history<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Created during the First World War, station XWA (ex<\/b>perimental w<\/b>ireless a<\/b>pparatus) of the MWTC<\/i>, is the first station to receive an experimental licence around 1914-1915. In 1919, XWA is also the first in Canada authorized to experiment with civil transmission and to go on air, making it one of the first broadcasting stations in the world. The following year, on May 20, 1920, XWA successfully completes a pre-announced transmission between Montreal and Ottawa, a first in Canada that marks the era. After being granted a commercial licence, XWA becomes radio station CFCF (Canada’s First, Canada’s Finest) in 1922. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tHerbert Berliner’s interest in radio<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

It is important to note here the collaboration that starts in December 1920 between station XWA and Herbert S. Berliner, Emile Berliner’s eldest son. A radio enthusiast, Herbert organizes a weekly broadcast of musical recordings from the series His Master’s<\/i> Voice<\/i> with Montreal radio station XWA. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe craze for radio<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

In 1922, the Government of Canada authorizes commercial broadcasting. The Marconi <\/i>radio station CFCF is soon joined by the Dupuis Fr\u00e8res<\/i>‘ CJBC station in June 1922 and, soon after, by other stations, like La Presse<\/i> newspaper’s C<\/i>KAC, Northern Electric<\/i>‘s CHYC and the University of Montreal<\/i>‘s CFUC. Despite the initial scarcity of receivers and their limited performance, the craze for radio broadcasting accelerates rapidly. In fact, in just 10 years, the number of receivers in Canada increases from 1,000 to 750,000. Through diversification of programs offered, technological improvements and openness to the world, radio is about to begin its golden age. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tDeveloping programs<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

In 1924, CFCF and CKAC broadcast only a few hours a day, mainly in the evening. When radio stations begin broadcasting more frequently, there grows a need to develop programming of greater interest and diversity. From that moment, music become increasingly important and stations begin to equip their studios with pianos, orchestras and, at CKAC, even a Casavant<\/i> organ. News broadcasting, casual conversation and sports broadcasts, like boxing and hockey, also become very popular. In 1923, CKAC even attempts broadcasting radio drama. Programs focusing on politics and advertising soon follow. The radio becomes a promotional and social action tool. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t1929-1938 – The Golden Age of Radio in Canada\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\tPhenomenal growth in times of crisis<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

The Great Depression has a devastating effect on most economic sectors. Unexpectedly, however, the radio industry experiences growth. Despite the economic hardships of the era, as sales prices drop and basic needs of comfort, ability to access real-time information and entertainment augment, radios come to be perceived as essential assets even by those with limited resources. Recognizing this change, the radio industry works to improve all facets of its product. However, once the crisis is over, radio prices start to increase and some models once again become symbols of prestige. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tTaking advantage of more efficient technologies<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Following the many technological developments of the 1920s, radio sets from the 1930s become easier to operate and more efficient than ever. For example, Torontonian Edward S. Rogers patents an invention that allows the use of alternating currents in supplying electricity, thereby eliminating bulky batteries. Other improvements, such as more powerful electric microphones, reception and signal amplification tubes, as well as the superheterodyne receiver, lead to extraordinary breakthroughs. With access to short-wave, listeners now have an abundance of choice of stations or contacts.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tIncreasingly diversified and refined programming<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

In terms of programs offered, the public benefits greatly from numerous improvements, both in terms of diversity and quality of programs. News services become better organized and reports are delivered by more experienced staff. Radio plays and dramas are more prevalent and developed to better suit the medium of radio and the interests of the public. The same is true for sports, advertising, as well as political and public service programs. Religious and educational programs also appear in response to local interest. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tA cross-Canada network of stations<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

During the 1920s, a network of radio stations is created by the Canadian National Railway Company<\/i> (CN<\/i>). In 1924, there are no fewer than nine stations spread across the country. Train passengers and those who live near these stations benefit from their service. In 1932, following the recommendations of the Aird Commission responsible for studying the impact of American radio on Canada, the government buys the CN<\/i> radio stations in order to create the first state radio network in Canada. This network is transformed again in 1936, resulting in the creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation<\/i> (CBC<\/i>). <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tBroadcasting the Berlin Olympic Games<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

During the 1930s, the world of broadcasting was marked by an event which demonstrated, without any doubt, the full potential of radio, namely the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. On this occasion, with the advantage of exceptional sound quality, some 300 million people experienced the first real-time sharing of an international sporting event. The Berlin Games also became the first televised Olympic experience. The Games would never be the same. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t1939-1948 – World War II and the years after\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\tRadio becomes a propaganda tool<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Foreshadowed by the Berlin Olympics, the start of the Second World War is marked by a worldwide propaganda war. The radio, in addition to being a communication tool for the military, becomes a weapon used by astute commentators to undermine the morale of enemy forces. Across Canada, Europe and Asia, there are reports of misinformation, intimidation and propaganda. In Japan, to control the incessant American transmissions, the withdrawal of certain channels from radios is ordered across the country. In occupied France, residents are forced to hand over their receivers to the occupation authorities.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tParticipation in the war effort<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Because of the war, all production of domestic radios in Montreal is interrupted for the duration of the war as radio companies devote their energies to the war effort. Together, Marconi<\/i>, RCA Victor<\/i>, Northern Electric<\/i> and Westinghouse<\/i> share the production of military radios, tubes and other electronic equipment. For radio stations, a similar phenomenon occurs and the content of radio plays and radio dramas shifts to wartime themes. <\/p>\n

English speaking Montrealers listen to The Happy Gang and The Guy Lombardo Orchestra, while for Francophone Quebecers Soldat Lebrun becomes the musical star of the day for some time. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tWar correspondents <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

When the Second World War begins in 1939, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation<\/i> (CBC<\/i>) has been broadcasting for just three years and does not yet have a proper information service. The corporation depends on outside services, like the Canadian Press<\/i> news agency, to produce its reports.<\/p>\n

This changes dramatically over the next few years as the CBC<\/i> expands its news services and sends many of its own war correspondents like Matthew Halton (1904-1956) and Peter Stursberg (1913-2014) to Europe. Among them, several journalists mark the history of radio in Quebec, including Marcel Ouimet (1915-1985), and Ren\u00e9 Lecavalier (1918-1999). Rene L\u00e9vesque (1922-1987) was war correspondent in Europe for The Voice of America <\/i>and\u00a0 later for the CBC during the Korean war.<\/i> <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tBeginning of a return to normal<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

At war’s end, production of home radios is finally able to resume. Material and equipment set aside four years earlier are essential for production because after several years of rationing, access to raw materials is still limited. Early post-war models are often made of wood or bakelite cases, reminiscent of pre-war models. Radios do not yet benefit from the enormous technical progress made during wartime. This will soon change with the emergence of new materials and a new sense of style.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t1949-1958 – Reaching Maturity \n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe radio becomes a consumer product<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Among the economic and social phenomena observed after the end of the Second World War, the emergence of a consumer society is one of the most striking. A result of developing new marketing and advertising strategies, the production of consumer goods of all kinds increases considerably. Radios, found in cars, offices, living rooms, kitchens and even in bedrooms, as alarm clocks, are among the most sought-after goods. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe impact of 45 rpm<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

The influence of radio after the war results in a significant increase in the number of local and international music stars. In 1948, Columbia introduces the LP record (Long-Play) that could contain 23 minutes per side. Not to be outdone, the RCA Victor<\/i> company introduces the 7″ 45 rpm disc to the market, a single song format that would replace the 78 rpm disc. By making discs affordable for everyone, these small-format recordings allow young people – just like adults – to become major music consumers. This socio-economic change also has a significant impact on the production and sale of radios which become much more affordable following the invention of the transistor. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tProgramming grows and standardizes<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Building on the many experiences gained during the first 30 years of its existence, the world of broadcasting undergoes remarkable growth during the 1950s. All aspects of broadcasting programming are professionalized and improve in quality, diversity and interest for the public. Radio plays, newscasts, coverage of sporting events and call-in shows are now all being operated and produced by employees who have specifically trained for these jobs. Some of the most successful programs are Le<\/i> Chapelet en famille<\/i> (The Family Rosary Hour), brought to life by Cardinal Paul-\u00c9mile L\u00e9ger, “The Happy Gang” (1937-1959), “The Royal Canadian Air Farce” (1973) and “As it Happens”(1968). These last two are still broadcasting today.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe arrival of television<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

The 1950s are also marked by the arrival of television in Quebec and Canada. Television, another form of broadcasting across radio waves, has existed since the 1930s and has been the subject of early experimentation in Montreal, at CKAC among other venues. However, a variety of factors, including the Second World War, have delayed its full launch. This changes in the early 1950s, as the enthusiasm for the new medium proves overwhelming, the number of households with a television increasing from 3% in 1951 to 85% in 1957. Building on the experiences of radio broadcasting, television quickly establishes itself due to its rich programming.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tRadio is rescued by miniaturization<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Now in competition with television, the radio industry experiences a slight deceleration in the 1950s. However, this decline is short-lived as a new invention is about to relaunch the radio world to new heights. This invention, the transistor, is developed in the United States in 1947 and leads to the creation of the first transistor radio, the Regency Model TR-1<\/i> from Texas Instrument<\/i> in 1954. Because of transistors, radio receivers can now be both light and truly portable. <\/p>\n\t

https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/IMG_2165.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n\t

Chime used at the CFCF station. Shown at the Mus\u00e9e des ondes Emile Berliner.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n\t\t1959-1968 – FM Radio Takes Charge\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe invention of integrated circuits<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

As research into miniaturization continues, a new stage of development results in the introduction of integrated circuits, multiple components in a single device.\u00a0The advent of circuits opens the door to the development of a whole new generation of electronic devices, including radios and televisions, but also personal computers and mobile telephones that will be introduced in the following decades.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tFM takes its place on the air<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

While FM radio was invented in 1933 by the American Edwin Armstrong, it does not gain popularity on radio until the 1960s. Research into the transmission of music in stereo, made possible with FM, contributes to its growing popularity as a form of communication.<\/p>\n

In Montreal, the CBC launches CBM-FM and CBF-FM in 1947, as well as a few private stations, such as CKVL-FM (now CKOI) and CFCF-FM.<\/p>\n

\u00a0A few years later, the AM band was saturated, no longer allowing the addition of new stations. Then several new FM stations were installed. Jean-Pierre Coallier launches an FM station, CFGL-FM of Laval, “the radio that speaks and sings.” Music lovers are delighted with the new station and the subsequent growth of FM radio stations it launches.<\/p>\n

In the ’60s CKGM and CHOM come on the air and become iconic for Montreal rock music fans.\u00a0Radio personalities like Dave Boxer, Buddy G, Doug Pringle and Ralph Lockwood are household names.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe radio becomes a standard piece of equipment<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

While available in luxury cars since the 1930s, the car radio starts to become standard only in the early 1960s. Over the decades, it is combined with other forms of music broadcasting equipment, but it retains its central place on car dashboards. In the early 1960s, RCA Victor<\/i> combines a radio with a 45 rpm record player. By the middle of the decade, car radios with 8-track tape players become popular in turn, followed by those with both AM and FM bands. Later, radios are also combined with cassette tape players (1970s) and CD players (1980s). <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe arrival of radio networks<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

The 1960s are marked by another significant transformation in the field of radio: in 1967, the creation of the Quebec-wide network of Radiomutuel<\/i> stations and, a few years later, the Telemedia<\/i> network. Radiomutuel <\/i>becomes part of the CJMS network in Montreal and T\u00e9l\u00e9m\u00e9dia<\/i>, part of the CKAC network. By standardizing certain programs across their stations, including newscasts, the two companies experience great success. However, going forward there is a sense that local stations wind up losing some of their original flavour as regional artists progressively migrated toward the larger urban centers.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe conquest of space<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

A final highlight of the 1960s is the beginning of the conquest of space, which will lead to unimaginable technological transformations. In 1961, United States President John F. Kennedy announces his country’s commitment to go to the moon. Meanwhile, in Montreal, work is already in progress building Alouette 1<\/i>, the satellite to be launched in 1962. Alouette 2<\/i> follows in 1965, ISIS 1 <\/i>in 1969 and ISIS 2<\/i> in 1970. These first few satellites pave the way for the creation of the Anik <\/i>satellite series, designed to provide Canadians with telephone, radio and television services in the 1970s. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t1969-1978 – The First Communication Satellites\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe invention of microprocessors<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

In the same pursuit of scientific research that brought about transistors and integrated circuits, the first microprocessors are introduced in 1971.<\/p>\n

Microprocessors are integrated circuits so powerful they incorporate thousands of components into a single chip, that would formerly be made up of printed circuit boards and other interconnected parts. Microprocessors are used as the Central Processing Units (CPUs) or the brains of today’s computers. <\/p>\n

The miniaturization achieved using these devices has resulted in lower costs and lower energy consumption. As well, these developments have allowed an increase in both the speed of execution and reliability of all sorts of devices. For many, the invention of microprocessors marks the beginning of a new industrial revolution.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tImpact of the Anik satellites<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

When the Anik A-1<\/i> satellite is launched in November 1972, it becomes the first geostationary domestic communication satellite in the world. It is followed by Anik A-2<\/i> five months later and, in 1975, by Anik A-3<\/i>. Covering an area that extends from Victoria, Vancouver and Whitehorse to the west, St. John’s, Newfoundland to the east, Winnipeg and Toronto to the south and beyond the Northwest Territories to the north, the satellites allow for the retransmission of waves received from individual sources throughout Canada. The satellites make it possible to communicate with even the most remote areas of the country. This technology’s outreach capacity explains in large part Canada’s vested interest in the aerospace industry. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tMaximized capacity for action<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

The emergence of means to listen to the whole planet in real time has an influence on radio station programming, here and elsewhere. It impacts on news and media coverage, as we now include international content on a daily basis. Likewise, increased overseas accessibility results in a diversification of cultural, musical, sporting and other programming. Collaborations between broadcasters and interviewers from around the world are now also more frequent. Radio and television are becoming tools allowing  us to open up to the world.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t1979-1988 – A Decade of Profound Change\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe era of satellite communication<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Slow to make its way into our homes, satellite transmission technologies remain expensive and cumbersome during the 1970s. The satellite television industry has grown but remains unpopular. However, this changes at the beginning of the 1980s when prices fall and satellite dishes become smaller and more efficient. While television signals were previously routed via land-based microwave networks, technological advances now allow them to be transmitted via orbiting satellites. In Canada, it is CBC-Radio Canada <\/i>that gets the ball rolling in 1979.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tIntroducing personal computers<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

The 1980s will be remembered as the era that, due to miniaturization, saw computer-use evolve from being almost exclusive to large companies and institutions to making its way into the hands of ordinary citizens. While this is not a phenomenon directly associated with broadcasting, it marks a change that will completely transform the way we access information, news and entertainment. During the decade, traditional radio broadcasting networks are, initially, barely affected by the arrival of computers, but some stations soon begin to acquire them.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Internet revolution<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Beginning in 1983, a new mode of communication appears: the Internet. A global computer network, consisting of a network of networks, the Internet makes a variety of diverse services, like email, available to the public. The Internet is slow to make an impact with only an estimated 10,000 computers connected to it in 1987. However, it leads to completely new ways of interacting between companies and individuals on a global scale. The computer becomes a direct competitor to the broadcasting sector, as it proves to be an exceptional tool for researching information and for literary, audio and visual entertainment. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t1989-1998 – The World Wide Web Era\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\tPersonal computers find their place<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

During the last decade of the 20th century, the personal computer became an essential consumer product. As early as 1989, around 100,000 devices were connected to the Internet, 10 times more than just three years earlier. This number increased to 36 million in 1996. Today, just over 20 years later, the number of Internet users worldwide is estimated to be over 4.15 billion. Like radio in the 1930s, television in the 1950s and radio again (transistors this time) in the 1960s and 70s, the personal computer has become another technological agent of transformation in society. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe World Wide Web<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Among the many developments that made personal computers so popular, the arrival of the World Wide Web (the Web or “www”) in 1990 is paramount. The public hypertext system that links web pages together makes it possible to view web pages available on sites from around the world with a web browser. In other words, it gives all Internet users around the world access to all the data made available on the Internet by other users. This level of access to local, national and international information is matched only by the difficulty of determining the veracity of the information.<\/p>\n

\n\t\tRadio in the 21st Century\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\tThe radio adapts to computers<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

In 2000, an estimated 368,540,000 computers were connected to the Internet. The personal computer has become the ultimate communication tool. Internet radio stations now offer targeted content for specific audiences. This format is also very popular with FM stations, which take advantage of the ability to broadcast via the Internet. As with conventional radio stations, online radio stations broadcast various programs, with content that is sometimes very general or often music-driven. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\tComputers in the palm of our hand<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExpand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t

While access to online information and interpersonal communication is already well served by the personal computer, the smartphone emerges in the 21st century. This multifunctional device that operates as a telephone, camera and video camera, functions similarly to a small portable computer. Connected to the Internet, the smartphone can exchange a wide range of information between Internet users: text messages, phone calls, photographs and videos, all on a global scale and for a reasonable cost. In 2014, smartphone sales exceeded one billion units. <\/p>\n

\n\t\tConclusion \n\t<\/h2>\n\t

Considering the importance of computers and smartphones in society today, one might think it possible that the public’s interest in traditional radio stations might begin to wane. However, this does not seem to be the case. The radio remains an essential and desired tool for discovering new music and keeping up with the news. <\/p>\n

The fact is that radio stations are adapting. They have found a place, for example, on our televisions’ selection of channels. Moreover, morning shows, daytime programming hosted by diverse personalities and evening call-in shows continue to be very popular, especially among motorists and commuters. In fact, the addition of systems connected to the Internet in our cars has resulted in an increase in the availability of Internet radio stations since 2014. <\/p>\n

One hundred years ago, when the first broadcasting experiments were attempted in Montreal, few could have guessed the impact they would have on our society. Bearing in mind this last century’s monumental changes, one wonders what future generations will have to say 100 years from now.<\/p>\n

\n\t\tComplete your visit\n\t<\/h2>\n\t

The timeline<\/strong> in the main menu accompanies the content if this exhibit. You can use it to explore the objects displayed at the museum, as well as the historic, cultural and technologic context around them.<\/p>\n

\n\t\tListening station\n\t<\/h2>\n\t

Listen to samples of popular broadcasts from the golden age of radio in Montreal!<\/p>\n\t\thttps:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/AudioClipsFA.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n\t

[00:00] Canadian Confederation Diamond Jubilee (1927) <\/p>\n

[01:14] Le Club sportif (1939) <\/p>\n

[02:44] Be Hive interview with Michel Normandin and Maurice Richard (1950) <\/p>\n

[04:06] 400th goal of M. Richard (1954) <\/p>\n

[04:54] Boston-Montreal Stanley Cup final (1953) <\/p>\n

[06:16] The Canadiens win the Stanley Cup (1993) <\/p>\n

[07:23] The Velvet Touch on CFRB (1950) <\/p>\n

[07:52] Un homme et son p\u00e9ch\u00e9 (1948) <\/p>\n

[10:00] Marcel Ouimet in Londres (1943) <\/p>\n

[11:38] Rationing, Roger Baul (1942) <\/p>\n

[13:00] Liberation of Paris (1944) <\/p>\n

[14:22] CJAD purchase (1960)<\/p>\n

[15:09] La Rumba des radioromans (1940) <\/p>\n

[15:52] Final broadcast of CKVL (196?) <\/p>\n

[16:32] Willie Eckstein playing the piano<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\"Listening\n\t

Listening station at the temporary exhibit.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n\t\tCredits and acknowledgements\n\t<\/h2>\n\t

The exhibit “100 Years of Radio Broadcasting in Montreal” was conceived and produced by the  Mus\u00e9e des ondes Emile Berliner.<\/p>\nConcept:<\/em> Anja Borck
\nTexts:<\/em> Michel L. Forest
\nTranslation:<\/em> Emily Smith; Revision:<\/em> Louise Cousineau and Robert Ronald
\nTechnical advisor:<\/em> Alain Dufour, SQCRA
\nImage research:<\/em> Michel L. Forest, Alain Dufour et Anja Borck
\nDesign:<\/em> Karine Chartrand et Martin Desrochers
\nProduction:<\/em> Adam van Sertima, Karine Chartrand and Martin Desrochers
\nDigital production:<\/em> Groupe Toumoro Inc. \/ Benoit Dubuc and St\u00e9phane Franic
\nDigital Production Management for the MOEB:<\/em> Mariana Mej\u00eda Ahrens
\nSupport team:<\/em> Volunteers and interns at the MOEB : Robert Adamczyk, Daniel Barri\u00e8re, Jean B\u00e9lisle, Charlotte Bisanz, Anthony Caporali, Antoine Cloutier-B\u00e9lisle, Marc Donato, Daniel Labelle, Jean Marcotte, Maurice McDuff, Robert McDuff, Serge Morin, Laval Rhainds, Mariam Salaymeh, Emily Smith, Pierre M. Valiquette\n\t\t\t\t\"MOEB\n\t\t\t\t\"logo-montreal\"\n\t\t\t\t\"logo-quebec\"\n\t\t\t\t\"Canada\"\n\t

The exhibition received financial support from the “Patrimoines montr\u00e9alais : une mise en valeur dans les quartiers” Program, a program funded within the “Entente sur le d\u00e9veloppement culturel de Montr\u00e9al” concluded between the city of Montr\u00e9al and the Qu\u00e9bec Government and with financial support provided through donations received by the Museum.<\/p>\n

The digital production received financial support from the Government of Canada through the program “Building Communities Through Arts and Heritage” of Canadian Heritage.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In May 2020, Montreal will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the first successful broadcasting transmission in Canada. It will also celebrate the inauguration of radio station XWA as the first professional broadcasting station in Canada. These accomplishments are a result of the inventive genius and discoveries of a group of international researchers, including Canadian Reginald […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2771,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-3373","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n100 Years of Radio Broadcasting in Montreal - Centennial of broadcasting in Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/en\/100-years-of-radio-broadcasting-in-montreal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"100 Years of Radio Broadcasting in Montreal - Centennial of broadcasting in Canada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In May 2020, Montreal will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the first successful broadcasting transmission in Canada. 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Cet accomplissement met \u00e0 profit le g\u00e9nie inventif et les d\u00e9couvertes d’un ensemble de chercheurs internationaux dont le Canadien Reginald Aubrey Fessenden ainsi que le savoir-faire de nombreux techniciens et travailleurs montr\u00e9alais. En outre, la radiodiffusion bouleverse les agents de transformation sociale et m\u00e9tamorphose l’ensemble de la plan\u00e8te. La v\u00e9ritable puissance de la magie des ondes venait d’\u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L’exposition est maintenant ferm\u00e9e.<\/strong> Les dates d’exposition \u00e9taient de f\u00e9vrier 2020 \u00e0 f\u00e9vrier 2023.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ex_hall-edit-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"MOEB exposition temporaire\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"1045\" width=\"2048\" title=\"MOEB exposition temporaire\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" \/>\n<h4>\n\t\tAvant 1919 – \u00c8re des pionniers\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">Les pionniers<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>L’histoire de la radio est marqu\u00e9e par les d\u00e9couvertes de nombreux chercheurs c\u00e9l\u00e8bres dont le Fran\u00e7ais \u00c9douard Branly (1844-1940), l’Anglais John A. Fleming (1849-1945), l’Autrichien Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), le Russe Alexandre S. Popov (1859-1906), l’Am\u00e9ricain Lee DeForest (1873-1961) et l’Italien Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937). \u00c0 ceux-ci s’ajoute le Canadien Reginal A. Fessenden (1866-1932),\u00a0 premier \u00e0 transmettre des paroles et de la musique sur les ondes radio. En permettant de passer des \u00e9metteurs \u00e0 \u00e9tincelles aux tubes \u00e0 vide et aux ondes continues, ces inventeurs ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 les bases du fonctionnement de la t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie sans fil qu’on nomme aujourd’hui la radio.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\">Guglielmo Marconi au Canada<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_985\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-985\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guglielmo_Marconi-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-985\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937). Source: Wikipedia<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Personnage central du d\u00e9veloppement de la radio \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle mondiale, Guglielmo Marconi marque tout particuli\u00e8rement l’histoire canadienne et montr\u00e9alaise, en y r\u00e9alisant plusieurs exp\u00e9riences marquantes. Citons d’abord la premi\u00e8re transmission outre Altantique d’un signal en code Morse r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 1901 entre la ville de Poldhu en Angleterre et Signal Hill sur l’\u00eele de Terre-Neuve. \u00c0 peine deux ans plus tard, apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu une charte d’entreprise canadienne pour la <i>Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of<\/i> <i>Canada (MWTC)<\/i>, l’inventeur italien s’installe rue Notre-Dame \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al. C’est dans cette ville que se d\u00e9veloppe l’expertise qui m\u00e8ne \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de la station radio XWA d’abord exp\u00e9rimentale puis commerciale.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\">La t\u00e9l\u00e9graphie sans fil s’impose<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_3185\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3185\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Sto\u0308wer_Titanic-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3185\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Gravure de Willy St\u00f6wer (1864-1931)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, l’int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la t\u00e9l\u00e9graphie sans fil se d\u00e9veloppe dans le domaine de la navigation maritime ainsi que dans les milieux scientifiques et de l’\u00e9ducation. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, survient le naufrage du Titanic qui \u00e9tablit incontestablement l’utilit\u00e9 de cette invention. Ainsi, des centaines de vies sont sauv\u00e9es le matin du 15 avril 1912 et l’int\u00e9r\u00eat public pour cette nouvelle technologie s’en trouve stimul\u00e9.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\">Contributions de Reginald Audrey Fessenden<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alors que Marconi travaille \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper la capacit\u00e9 d’envoyer des signaux t\u00e9l\u00e9graphiques par ondes radio sur de grandes distances, des recherches viennent confirmer qu’il est possible de transmettre la voix sur ces m\u00eames ondes. En d\u00e9cembre 1900, le canadien Reginald A. Fessenden r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 transmettre sa voix entre le Maryland et la Virginie 80 kilom\u00e8tres plus loin. Six ans plus tard, Fessenden devient le premier \u00e0 transmettre sur les ondes \u00e0 la fois voix et musique, entendus avec surprise sur plusieurs vaisseaux en mer. La transmission par modulation de l’amplitude des ondes, appel\u00e9e commun\u00e9ment \u00ab AM <i>\u00bb<\/i>, vient d’\u00eatre invent\u00e9e. Toutefois son utilisation ne se r\u00e9pandra qu’apr\u00e8s la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale.<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\t1919-1928 – D\u00e9buts de la radiodiffusion\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">La station XWA marque l’histoire<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_2017\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2017\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2-1_Marconi_William-mod-300x265.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"265\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2017\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u00c9difice Marconi, rue Williams \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al (ann\u00e9es 1920). Source: inconnue<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Cr\u00e9\u00e9e durant la premi\u00e8re grande guerre, la station XWA (e<b>x<\/b>perimental <b>w<\/b>ireless <b>a<\/b>pparatus) de la <i>MWTC<\/i> est la premi\u00e8re \u00e0 recevoir une licence exp\u00e9rimentale vers 1914-1915. En 1919, elle devient aussi la premi\u00e8re au Canada \u00e0 \u00eatre autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 exp\u00e9rimenter la transmission civile et \u00e0 entrer en ondes, la classant parmi l’une des premi\u00e8res stations de radiodiffusion au monde.\u00a0 L’ann\u00e9e suivante, soit le 20 mai 1920, elle marque son \u00e9poque et r\u00e9alise avec succ\u00e8s une transmission annonc\u00e9e d’avance entre Montr\u00e9al et Ottawa, une premi\u00e8re canadienne. Se voyant accorder une licence commerciale, XWA devient en 1922 la station CFCF (Canada’s First, Canada’s Finest).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\">Herbert Samuel Berliner s’int\u00e9resse \u00e0 la radio<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>On doit faire mention ici de la collaboration qui s’installe d\u00e8s d\u00e9cembre 1920 entre la station XWA et Herbert S. Berliner, fils ain\u00e9 d’Emile Berliner. Passionn\u00e9 de radio, Herbert organise la diffusion hebdomadaire d’enregistrements musicaux de la s\u00e9rie <i>His Master’s Voice<\/i> en collaboration avec la station montr\u00e9alaise XWA.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3285\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3285\" style=\"width: 498px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2-3_Concert_19201130-Gazette.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"498\" height=\"810\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3285\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Avis dans The Gazette, 1920.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p> <\/p>\n<strong><em>Traduction de l’image:<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Les disques “His Master’s Voice” (La voix de son ma\u00eetre) par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone sans fil<\/em>\n<p><em>En accord avec la Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. du Canada, un “His Master’s Voice” concert Victrola, pr\u00e9sentant les s\u00e9lections les plus r\u00e9centes et les plus populaires, sera donn\u00e9 ce soir et chaque mardi de 20 \u00e0 21 heure, pour le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des \u00e9tudiants sans fil. Ceux qui poss\u00e8dent des “Amplificateurs” peuvent organiser pour leurs amis un \u00e9v\u00e9nement \u00e0 la fois original et int\u00e9ressant.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Il existe de nombreuses stations de r\u00e9ception radio \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al et dans les environs qui peuvent recevoir des communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques sans fil. Cherchez-en un dans votre quartier. D\u00e9couvrez qui sont vos amis qui pourraient en avoir un.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Les stations situ\u00e9es dans un rayon de deux cents miles de Montr\u00e9al devraient pouvoir profiter de ces concerts par t\u00e9l\u00e9phone sans fil, car chaque disque sera entendu aussi clairement et distinctement que s’il \u00e9tait jou\u00e9 sur votre propre Victrola dans votre propre maison.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Les capitaines et les officiers des navires au port sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 profiter de ce divertissement \u00e0 bord de leurs navires. <\/em><em>Les op\u00e9rateurs se r\u00e8glent sur 1 200 m\u00e8tres.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\">Engouement pour la radio<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>En 1922, le gouvernement du Canada autorise la radiodiffusion commerciale. Cette m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, \u00e0 la station CFCF de Marconi s’ajoute la station CJBC de <i>Dupuis Fr\u00e8res<\/i>, suivie bient\u00f4t d’autres stations telles CKAC du journal <i>La Presse<\/i>, CHYC de <i>Northern Electric<\/i> et CFUC de <i>l’Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al<\/i>. Malgr\u00e9 la raret\u00e9 initiale des r\u00e9cepteurs et les limites de leur performance, d\u00e8s lors l’engouement pour la radiodiffusion prend son essor rapidement. Au Canada, en dix ans, on passe d’un peu plus de 1 000 r\u00e9cepteurs \u00e0 750 000. Soutenue par la diversification des \u00e9missions offertes, les am\u00e9liorations technologiques et l’ouverture sur le monde, la radio s’appr\u00eate \u00e0 connaitre son \u00e2ge d’or.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3287\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3287\" style=\"width: 742px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/CKAC-La-Presse_RadioNews-1924crop-742x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"742\" height=\"1024\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3287\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>CKAC Radio News, 1924. Source : La Presse<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<strong><em>Traduction de l’image:<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Le Studio de CKAC est in\u00e9gal\u00e9 dans sa beaut\u00e9 – le d\u00e9corateur d’int\u00e9rieur \u00e9tait vraiment inspir\u00e9. Notez le microphone et le support au premier plan.<\/em>\n<p><em>L’organe de studio est une \u0153uvre d’art en soi. Ses tons doux sont capt\u00e9s par le microphone au premier plan et reproduits parfaitement pour les oreilles critiques.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Le personnel de CKAC est enti\u00e8rement bilingue. Nous introduisons, de gauche \u00e0 droite, Arthur Dupont, Assistant Annonceur; Leonard Spencer, Assistant Technique; J.N Cartier, Directeur et Chef Annonceur; A. Lebeau, Ma\u00eetre de C\u00e9r\u00e9monie; et assis, J. P Callaghan, connu par les enfants sous le nom de Radio P\u00e8re; Mary Brotman et Nora O’Donnell, les st\u00e9nographes les plus occup\u00e9s \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>La salle de contr\u00f4le est montr\u00e9e sur la photo a la droite. A partir de l\u00e0, le grand \u00e9metteur est fait pour “faire son truc” et le faire d’une mani\u00e8re \u00e0 votre go\u00fbt. Il est soigneusement trafiqu\u00e9 sur l’onde de 425 m\u00e8tres et n’est pas autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 errer. La surmodulation n’est jamais autoris\u00e9e.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Voici l’\u00e9metteur et c’est un nouveau, d’une puissance de 7 \u00bd kilowatts ! Voyez les beaux gros tubes! Il est rare qu’ils travaillent dur, mais lorsqu’ils sont rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s, on ne sait pas \u00e0 quel point CKAC sera entendu en Europe.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\">Programmation \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_2064\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2064\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Dempsey_CFCF_CWM-300x280.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"280\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2064\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Le boxeur Jack Dempsey au microphone \u00e0 la station de radio CFCF en 1922. Source: Biblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada C-066695<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>En 1924, CFCF et CKAC ne diffusent que quelques heures par jour principalement en soir\u00e9e. \u00c0 compter du moment o\u00f9 les stations de radio entreprennent de diffuser sur une base quotidienne, le besoin de d\u00e9velopper une programmation int\u00e9ressante se fait sentir. La diffusion de musique prend alors une place importante, alors que les stations dotent leurs studios de pianos, d’orchestres et m\u00eame d’un orgue <i>Casavant <\/i>dans le cas de CKAC. Les \u00e9missions de nouvelles, les causeries et la diffusion d’\u00e9v\u00e9nements sportifs dont la boxe et le hockey deviennent aussi tr\u00e8s populaires. Une exp\u00e9rience de radioth\u00e9\u00e2tre est tent\u00e9e \u00e0 CKAC d\u00e8s 1923. Enfin, les \u00e9missions consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 la politique et les publicit\u00e9s s’ajoutent bient\u00f4t \u00e0 l’offre. La radio devient un outil de promotion et d’animation sociale.<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\t1929-1938 – \u00c2ge d’or de la radio au Canada\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">Croissance ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nale en temps de crise<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>La grande d\u00e9pression de 1929 entra\u00eene l’effondrement de la majorit\u00e9 des secteurs \u00e9conomiques. Par contre, la radio s’appr\u00eate \u00e0 conna\u00eetre un essor inattendu. En effet, marqu\u00e9e par la chute des prix de vente et l’augmentation des besoins de r\u00e9confort, d’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’information en temps r\u00e9el et de divertissement, la radio devient un bien jug\u00e9 essentiel par ceux qui, malgr\u00e9 la crise, disposent de quelques ressources. L’industrie de la radio reconna\u00eet ce contexte et travaille \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer toutes les facettes de son produit. Toutefois, d\u00e8s la fin de la crise, les prix remontent; certains mod\u00e8les de radios redeviennent des symboles de prestige.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\">Mise \u00e0 profit de technologies plus performantes<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00c0 la suite des nombreux d\u00e9veloppements technologiques des ann\u00e9es 1920, les appareils de radio des ann\u00e9es 1930 s’av\u00e8rent d\u00e9sormais plus faciles \u00e0 faire fonctionner et plus performants que jamais. Par exemple, le Torontois Edward S. Rogers fait breveter une invention qui permet l’utilisation du courant alternatif en mati\u00e8re d’alimentation en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et \u00e9limine ainsi les encombrantes batteries. D’autres am\u00e9liorations telles que des microphones \u00e9lectriques plus sensibles, des tubes de r\u00e9ception et d’amplification de signaux ainsi que des r\u00e9cepteurs superh\u00e9t\u00e9rodynes cr\u00e9ent une perc\u00e9e extraordinaire. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’acc\u00e8s aux ondes courtes, les utilisateurs ont d\u00e9sormais l’embarras du choix de stations ou de contacts.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3283\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3283\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/MOEB_IMG_1680_Rogers_Batteryless-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3283\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Publicit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9cepteurs Rogers, 1926. Source : Canadian Homes and Gardens<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<strong><em>Traduction de l’image:<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Radio sans batterie, sans produits chimiques, sans antenne<\/em>\n<em>Construit comme une unit\u00e9 – Fonctionn\u00e9 comme une unit\u00e9<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Un instrument complet et compact – scientifiquement correct dans sa conception et sa construction – simple dans son fonctionnement<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Avec un record de fiabilit\u00e9 et de performance prouv\u00e9e dans des milliers de foyers canadiens!<\/em>\n<p><em>Au d\u00e9but de l’ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, “Rogers-Batteryless” a fait \u0153uvre de pionnier dans le domaine de la radio sans l’utilisation de batteries, de produits chimiques ou d’antenne. Fatigu\u00e9s des batteries en d\u00e9sordre et des radios avec de r\u00e9ception mal, les utilisateurs se sont tourn\u00e9s avec enthousiasme vers “Rogers-Batteryless”. Les sceptiques et les h\u00e9sitants de la radio ont reconnu ce qu’ils attendaient dans “Rogers-Batteryless” De toutes les r\u00e9gions du Canada sont arriv\u00e9es des lettres de remerciements et des t\u00e9moignages de r\u00e9ception \u00e0 longue distance, prouvant la capacit\u00e9 et la facilit\u00e9 exceptionnelles de “Rogers-Batteryless”. Voici un ensemble de r\u00e9ception pour ceux qui cherchent \u00e0 profiter pleinement de la radio, avec l’assurance d’une puissance et d’une uniformit\u00e9 de performance constantes – et la plus grande facilit\u00e9. “Rogers-Batteryless” a ouvert la porte \u00e0 la satisfaction compl\u00e8te de la radio dans des milliers de foyers, et peut-\u00eatre dans le v\u00f4tre aussi. Demandez au concessionnaire s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de chez vous de vous faire une d\u00e9monstration \u00e0 votre domicile. Ensuite, jugez.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Fonctionne \u00e0 partir du courant d’\u00e9clairage de votre maison, soit 25 ou 60 cycles.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Toute prise murale ou de lampe dans votre maison fonctionnera “Rogers-Batteryless”.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>*\u00c9crire aujourd’hui pour les preuves – Une collection de lettres de clients qui ont prouv\u00e9 la fiabilit\u00e9 et les performances exceptionnelles des ensembles “Rogers-Batteryless”, en fonctionnement quotidien, dans des conditions variables \u00e0 travers le Canada. Adresse de notre bureau, 90 Chestnut St., Toronto, 2.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Les postes de radio “Rogers-Batteryless” sont log\u00e9s dans des armoires de conception artistique aux finitions soign\u00e9es, qui s’harmoniseront avec n’importe quel sch\u00e9ma d\u00e9coratif. Les prix varient de 140 \u00e0 395 dollars complets. (L\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u00e0 l’ouest de Fort William). Si vous ne connaissez pas le revendeur “Rogers-Batteryless” pr\u00e8s de chez vous, veuillez nous \u00e9crire pour conna\u00eetre son nom.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\">Programmation de plus en plus diversifi\u00e9e et raffin\u00e9e<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Au plan de la programmation offerte, le public b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie \u00e9galement de nombreuses am\u00e9liorations tant en termes de diversit\u00e9 que de qualit\u00e9 des \u00e9missions pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es. Les services de nouvelles sont mieux organis\u00e9s et les \u00e9missions anim\u00e9es par des gens plus exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s. Les pi\u00e8ces de radioth\u00e9\u00e2tre et les radioromans se multiplient et s’adaptent de mieux en mieux au m\u00e9dium de la radio et aux go\u00fbts du public. Il en va de m\u00eame pour les \u00e9missions sportives, les publicit\u00e9s, les \u00e9missions politiques et d’int\u00e9r\u00eat public. Des \u00e9missions \u00e0 caract\u00e8re religieux naissent de l’int\u00e9r\u00eat local tout comme des \u00e9missions \u00e9ducatives.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\">R\u00e9seau pancanadien de stations<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1920, on assiste \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d’un r\u00e9seau de stations radiophoniques par la <i>Compagnie des chemins de fer nationaux du Canada<\/i> (<i>CN<\/i>). En 1924, on n’en compte pas moins de neuf r\u00e9parties \u00e0 travers le pays. D\u00e9sormais, les passagers des trains peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de ce service de m\u00eame que ceux qui habitent \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de ces stations. En 1932, \u00e0 la suite des recommandations de la Commission Aird charg\u00e9e d’\u00e9tudier l’impact de la radio am\u00e9ricaine sur le Canada, le gouvernement rach\u00e8te les stations du <i>CN<\/i> afin de cr\u00e9er un premier r\u00e9seau radiophonique d’\u00c9tat au Canada. Ce r\u00e9seau est \u00e0 nouveau transform\u00e9 en 1936 pour donner naissance \u00e0 la <i>Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Radio-Canada<\/i>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-4\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-4\">Retransmission des Jeux olympiques \u00e0 Berlin<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-4\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-4\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1930, le monde de la radiodiffusion est propuls\u00e9 par un \u00e9v\u00e9nement qui d\u00e9montre de fa\u00e7on incontestable le plein pouvoir de la radio, \u00e0 savoir la tenue des Jeux Olympiques \u00e0 Berlin en 1936. \u00c0 cette occasion, profitant d’une qualit\u00e9 du son exceptionnelle, quelque 300 millions de personnes vivent la premi\u00e8re exp\u00e9rience concr\u00e8te de partage d’un \u00e9v\u00e9nement sportif international en temps r\u00e9el. En outre, les Jeux de Berlin voient se r\u00e9aliser la premi\u00e8re t\u00e9l\u00e9diffusion de cet illustre rendez-vous sportif. Les Jeux ne seront plus jamais les m\u00eames.<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\t1939-1948 – Seconde Guerre mondiale\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">La radio devient outil de propagande<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Comme le laisse pr\u00e9sager les Jeux Olympiques \u00e0 Berlin, une guerre de propagande s’enclenche \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle plan\u00e9taire d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale. En plus de servir d’outil de communication pour les militaires, la radio devient une arme entre les mains de commentateurs astucieux qui s’en servent pour miner le moral des troupes ennemies. Partout, aussi bien au Canada, en Europe qu’en Asie, on rapporte des cas de d\u00e9sinformation, d’intimidation et de propagande. Au Japon, pour contr\u00f4ler les transmissions am\u00e9ricaines importunes, on ordonne le retrait de certains canaux des postes de radio au pays. En France occup\u00e9e, les r\u00e9sidents doivent remettre leurs r\u00e9cepteurs aux autorit\u00e9s de l’Occupation.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3299\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3299\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/warr-map_2019_0870a-EDIT-1024x809.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"809\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3299\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Carte Radio RCA Victor pendant la 2e Guerre mondiale. Source : Mus\u00e9e des ondes Emile Berliner<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\">Participation aux efforts de guerre<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_3187\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3187\" style=\"width: 292px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Roland_Lebrun-292x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"292\" height=\"300\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3187\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Roland Lebrun (dit le Soldat Lebrun). Source: Wikipedia<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Durant quelques ann\u00e9es, toute production de radios domestiques est interrompue \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al. Les entreprises du secteur de la radio consacrent leurs \u00e9nergies aux efforts de guerre. Ensemble, <i>Marconi<\/i>, <i>RCA Victor<\/i>, <i>Northern Electric<\/i> et <i>Westinghouse<\/i> partagent la production de radios militaires, de lampes et autres \u00e9quipements \u00e9lectroniques. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des stations de radio, un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne comparable se produit\u00a0: le contenu des pi\u00e8ces de radioth\u00e9\u00e2tre et les radioromans commence \u00e0 tourner autour du th\u00e8me de la guerre.\u00a0 \u00c0 la m\u00eame \u00e9poque, le Soldat Lebrun devient la vedette musicale du jour pour un temps.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\">Correspondants de guerre<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>En 1939, lorsque d\u00e9bute la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la <i>Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Radio-Canada<\/i> (<i>SRC<\/i>) n’existe que depuis \u00e0 peine trois ans et ne dispose pas encore de service d’information proprement dit. Pour r\u00e9aliser ses reportages, elle d\u00e9pend des services ext\u00e9rieurs dont l’agence de nouvelles <i>Canadian Press<\/i>. Cette situation change du tout au tout au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, alors que la <i>SRC<\/i> d\u00e9veloppe son propre Service des nouvelles et envoie de nombreux correspondants de guerre en Europe. Parmi ceux-ci, se trouvent plusieurs journalistes qui ont marqu\u00e9 l’histoire de la radio au Qu\u00e9bec dont, entre autres, Marcel Ouimet (1915-1985) et Ren\u00e9 Lecavalier (1918-1999). Pour sa part, Ren\u00e9 L\u00e9vesque (1922-1987) y fera des reportages pour <i>The Voice of America <\/i>et sera plus tard correspondant de guerre en Cor\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\">D\u00e9but d’un retour \u00e0 la normale<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Une fois la guerre termin\u00e9e, la production de postes de radio domestiques peut enfin reprendre. On en profite alors pour \u00e9couler le mat\u00e9riel mis de c\u00f4t\u00e9 quatre ans plus t\u00f4t car, apr\u00e8s plusieurs ann\u00e9es de rationnement, l’acc\u00e8s aux mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res reste encore limit\u00e9.\u00a0 Les premiers mod\u00e8les d’apr\u00e8s-guerre pr\u00e9sentent souvent des bo\u00eetiers en bois ou en bak\u00e9lite qui rappellent les mod\u00e8les d’avant-guerre. On ne profite pas encore des extraordinaires progr\u00e8s techniques r\u00e9alis\u00e9s durant la guerre. Ce contexte va bient\u00f4t changer gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’\u00e9mergence de nouveaux mat\u00e9riaux et d’un nouveau sens de l’esth\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\t1949-1958 – Vers la maturit\u00e9\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">La radio devient objet de consommation<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parmi les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes \u00e9conomiques et sociaux observ\u00e9s apr\u00e8s la fin de la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale, on distingue l’\u00e9mergence de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de consommation. Sous l’effet du d\u00e9veloppement de nouvelles strat\u00e9gies de mise en march\u00e9 et de publicit\u00e9, on assiste \u00e0 une croissance consid\u00e9rable de la production de biens de consommation en tous genres. Les appareils radio y occupent une place privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e. On les retrouve dans les automobiles, dans les bureaux, dans les salons et cuisines et m\u00eame dans les chambres \u00e0 coucher sous forme de r\u00e9veille-matin.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3281\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3281\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/RCA-Auto-radio-1024x426.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"426\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3281\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Publicit\u00e9 pour une radio pour la voiture.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\">Impact des 45 tours<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sous l’influence de la radio au tournant des ann\u00e9es 1950, on observe une augmentation importante du nombre de vedettes dans le domaine de la musique tant locale qu’internationale. Au m\u00eame moment sur le march\u00e9 du disque, apparaissent les premiers microsillons et, en particulier, les 45 tours invent\u00e9s par la compagnie <i>RCA Victor<\/i>. L’achat de disques devient abordable pour tous. Ces disques de petit format m\u00e9tamorphosent les jeunes en d’importants consommateurs de musique au m\u00eame titre que les adultes. Ces changements socio\u00e9conomiques se r\u00e9percutent bient\u00f4t sur les ventes et la prolif\u00e9ration des appareils radio\u00a0: ceux-ci deviennent tr\u00e8s abordables gr\u00e2ce aux transistors.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\">Professionnalisation de l’offre<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fort des nombreuses exp\u00e9riences v\u00e9cues au cours de ses 30 premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le monde de la radiodiffusion conna\u00eet une croissance remarquable au cours des ann\u00e9es 1950. Toutes les facettes de sa programmation se professionnalisent et gagnent en qualit\u00e9, en diversit\u00e9 et en enthousiasme. Les radioromans, les \u00e9missions de nouvelles, la couverture d’\u00e9v\u00e9nements sportifs et les tribunes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques sont d\u00e9sormais pr\u00e9par\u00e9s et anim\u00e9s par des gens form\u00e9s aux exigences du m\u00e9tier. L’un des grands succ\u00e8s de l’\u00e9poque est le <i>Chapelet en famille<\/i> anim\u00e9 par le cardinal Paul-\u00c9mile L\u00e9ger, qui restera en ondes jusqu’en 1970.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\">Arriv\u00e9e de la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_3295\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3295\" style=\"width: 340px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/tv_Motorola7VT2-EDIT-280x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"340\" height=\"364\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3295\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>T\u00e9l\u00e9vision Motorola 7VT2. Source : Mus\u00e9e des ondes Emile Berliner<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>La d\u00e9cennie des ann\u00e9es 1950 marque l’arriv\u00e9e de la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision au Qu\u00e9bec et au Canada. Cette autre forme de diffusion sur les ondes radio existe depuis les ann\u00e9es 1930. Elle avait fait l’objet d’essais, m\u00eame \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, entre autres \u00e0 CKAC. Cependant, elle a vu son implantation retard\u00e9e par diff\u00e9rents facteurs dont les ann\u00e9es de guerre. L’engouement pour ce nouveau m\u00e9dia s’av\u00e8re foudroyant, alors que le nombre de foyers \u00e9quip\u00e9s d’un t\u00e9l\u00e9viseur passe d’\u00e0 peine 3% en 1951 \u00e0 85% en 1957. Mettant \u00e0 profit l’exp\u00e9rience acquise dans le domaine de la diffusion radiophonique, la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision prend rapidement une place privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa riche programmation.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-4\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-4\">Miniaturisation \u00e0 la rescousse de la radio<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-4\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-4\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u00e9sormais en comp\u00e9tition avec la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, l’industrie de la radio \u00e9prouve un l\u00e9ger ralentissement au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1950, mais celui-ci est de courte dur\u00e9e. Une nouvelle invention s’appr\u00eate \u00e0 propulser le monde de la radio vers des sommets insoup\u00e7onn\u00e9s. Il s’agit du transistor mis au point aux \u00c9tats-Unis en 1947. Il m\u00e8ne \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation du premier radio \u00e0 transistors, le <i>Regency Mod\u00e8le TR-1 <\/i>de<i> Texas Instrument<\/i>, en 1954. \u00c0 partir de ce moment, le transistor permet de fabriquer des r\u00e9cepteurs radio l\u00e9gers et v\u00e9ritablement portatifs.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3297\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3297\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/transistor-radios-EDIT-1024x677.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"677\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3297\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Radio transistors. Source : Mus\u00e9e des ondes Emile Berliner<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t<meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/IMG_2165.mp4\" \/><div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-3373-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/IMG_2165.mp4?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/IMG_2165.mp4\">https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/IMG_2165.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n\t<p><em>Carillon utilis\u00e9 par la station CFCF. Expos\u00e9 au Mus\u00e9e des ondes Emile Berliner.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\t1959-1968 – La radio FM s’impose\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">Invention des circuits int\u00e9gr\u00e9s<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les recherches en miniaturisation se poursuivent. \u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1950, une nouvelle \u00e9tape m\u00e8ne aux circuits int\u00e9gr\u00e9s aussi appel\u00e9s puces \u00e9lectroniques. Ces circuits ouvrent la porte au d\u00e9veloppement d’une toute nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d’appareils \u00e9lectroniques, incluant les radios et les t\u00e9l\u00e9viseurs, mais \u00e9galement les ordinateurs personnels et les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portatifs qui appara\u00eetront au cours des d\u00e9cennies suivantes.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3301\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3301\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/IC_2002_4199-1024x419.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"419\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3301\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Circuit int\u00e9gr\u00e9. Source : Mus\u00e9e des ondes Emile Berliner<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\">Le FM prend sa place sur les ondes<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bien que la radio FM ait \u00e9t\u00e9 invent\u00e9e en 1933 par l’am\u00e9ricain Edwin Armstrong, elle ne devient v\u00e9ritablement populaire qu’au cours des ann\u00e9es 1960. Les recherches sur la transmission de musique en st\u00e9r\u00e9o, possible sur les ondes FM, contribuent \u00e0 l’engouement.\u00a0 Dans la r\u00e9gion montr\u00e9alaise, des stations FM de Radio-Canada voient le jour \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1940 ainsi que quelques stations priv\u00e9es dont CKVL-FM. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, la bande AM est satur\u00e9e, ne permettant plus l’ajout de nouvelles stations. C’est alors que s’installent plusieurs nouvelles stations FM. Ainsi, Jean-Pierre Coallier se lance en 1968 dans l’op\u00e9ration d’une station FM, CFGL-FM de Laval, <i>La radio qui parle et qui chante<\/i>. Il s’ensuit un grand d\u00e9blocage pour le plus grand plaisir des m\u00e9lomanes.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\">La radio devient une pi\u00e8ce d’\u00e9quipement standard<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pr\u00e9sente dans les automobiles de luxe depuis les ann\u00e9es 1930, la radio devient une pi\u00e8ce d’\u00e9quipement standard \u00e0 compter du d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1960. Au fil des d\u00e9cennies, on la combine \u00e0 d’autres \u00e9quipements de diffusion de musique, mais conserve sa place de choix sur le tableau de bord des voitures. Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1960, <i>RCA Victor <\/i>combine le radio \u00e0 un tourne-disque pour 45 tours. Vers le milieu de la d\u00e9cennie, les autoradios avec magn\u00e9tophone \u00e0 bande 8 pistes deviennent populaires, suivis de ceux qui incorporent \u00e0 la fois la bande AM et la bande FM. Suivront les combinaisons avec les magn\u00e9tophones pour cassette (ann\u00e9es 1970) et les lecteurs de CD (ann\u00e9es 1980).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3303\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3303\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/rca45wradio_2001_0029-EDIT-1024x566.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"566\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3303\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Tourne-disque pur 45 tours avec radio. Source : Mus\u00e9e des ondes Emile Berliner<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\">Apparition des r\u00e9seaux radiophoniques<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-3\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-3\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les ann\u00e9es 1960 sont marqu\u00e9es par une autre transformation significative de la radio\u00a0: la cr\u00e9ation en 1967 du r\u00e9seau panqu\u00e9b\u00e9cois de stations <i>Radiomutuel <\/i>et quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard du r\u00e9seau <i>T\u00e9l\u00e9m\u00e9dia<\/i>. La premi\u00e8re de ces entreprises prend pour t\u00eate de r\u00e9seau la station CJMS \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al et la seconde, celle de CKAC. En standardisant certaines \u00e9missions \u00e0 travers leurs stations, entre autres les bulletins de nouvelles, ces deux entreprises vont conna\u00eetre un grand succ\u00e8s. On note toutefois une perte au niveau de la saveur r\u00e9gionale des stations, alors que s’accentue l’attrait de la m\u00e9tropole pour les artistes r\u00e9gionaux.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-4\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-4\">Conqu\u00eate de l’espace<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-4\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-4\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dernier fait marquant de la d\u00e9cennie des ann\u00e9es 1960, le d\u00e9but de la conqu\u00eate de l’espace va mener \u00e0 des transformations technologiques \u00e0 peine imaginables. En 1961, le pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis, John F. Kennedy, lance l’id\u00e9e de se rendre sur la Lune. D\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, on travaille \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d’un premier satellite, <i>Alouette 1<\/i>, envoy\u00e9 dans l’espace en 1962. Suivront <i>Alouette 2<\/i> en 1965, <i>ISIS 1<\/i> en 1969 et <i>ISIS 2<\/i> en 1970. Ces premiers satellites pavent la voie \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de la s\u00e9rie de satellites <i>Anik<\/i> destin\u00e9s \u00e0 offrir aux Canadiens des services de t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie, de radio et de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1970.<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\t1969-1978 – Impact des premiers satellites de communication\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">Invention des microprocesseurs<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les recherches scientifiques ont amen\u00e9 les transistors, puis les circuits int\u00e9gr\u00e9s. En 1971, on voit appara\u00eetre les premiers microprocesseurs. Il s’agit de circuits int\u00e9gr\u00e9s si performants qu’ils incorporent en un seul circuit toutes les composantes de processeurs jadis compos\u00e9s de circuits et autres composantes interconnect\u00e9s. Gr\u00e2ce aux microprocesseurs, non seulement atteint-on de nouveaux sommets de miniaturisation, mais aussi \u00e0 moindre co\u00fbt, en consommant moins d’\u00e9nergie et en augmentant \u00e0 la fois les vitesses d’ex\u00e9cution et la fiabilit\u00e9 des appareils. Pour plusieurs, l’invention du microprocesseur marque le d\u00e9but d’une toute nouvelle r\u00e9volution industrielle.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\">Impact des satellites Anik<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_3305\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3305\" style=\"width: 321px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/anik-viewing-241x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"400\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3305\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Satellite Anik. Source : Mus\u00e9e des ondes Emile Berliner<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Lanc\u00e9 en novembre 1972, le satellite <i>Anik A-1<\/i> devient le premier satellite de communication domestique g\u00e9ostationnaire au monde. Il est suivi 5 mois plus tard par <i>Anik A-2<\/i> et, en 1975, par <i>Anik A-3<\/i>. Ils couvrent un territoire qui s’\u00e9tend des villes de Victoria, Vancouver et Whitehorse \u00e0 l’ouest, Saint-Jean, Terre-Neuve \u00e0 l’est,\u00a0 Winnipeg et Toronto au sud et au-del\u00e0 des Territoires du Nord-Ouest au nord. Ces satellites permettent la retransmission d’ondes re\u00e7ues de sources individuelles \u00e0 l’ensemble du territoire canadien. Il devient d\u00e9sormais possible de communiquer avec les endroits les plus \u00e9loign\u00e9s au pays. Cette capacit\u00e9 explique en grande partie l’int\u00e9r\u00eat du Canada pour l’a\u00e9rospatiale.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\">Capacit\u00e9 d’action maximis\u00e9e<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>L’av\u00e8nement de moyens permettant d’\u00eatre \u00e0 l’\u00e9coute de la plan\u00e8te tout enti\u00e8re en temps r\u00e9el ou presque a t\u00f4t fait d’influencer la programmation des stations de radio d’ici et d’ailleurs. L’impact est imm\u00e9diat sur les nouvelles et la couverture m\u00e9diatique d’\u00e9v\u00e9nements qui comportent d\u00e9sormais un contenu international quotidien. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 plus de facilit\u00e9 d’acc\u00e8s outre-mer, la programmation d’\u00e9missions culturelles, musicales, sportives et autres se diversifie. Les collaborations entre diffuseurs et interlocuteurs des quatre coins de la plan\u00e8te se montrent de plus en plus fr\u00e9quentes. La radio et la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision deviennent des outils d’ouverture sur le monde.<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\t1979-1988 – 10 ans de profonds changements\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">\u00c8re des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications par satellites<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lentes \u00e0 se frayer un chemin jusque dans nos maisons, les technologies de transmission par satellite demeurent co\u00fbteuses et encombrantes au cours de la d\u00e9cennie des ann\u00e9es 1970. L’industrie de la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision par satellite se d\u00e9veloppe, mais elle reste peu populaire. \u00c0 partir du d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1980, les prix chutent et les antennes paraboliques deviennent de plus en plus petites et performantes. Jusque-l\u00e0 achemin\u00e9s par voie de r\u00e9seaux terrestres de microondes, les signaux de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision profitent des avanc\u00e9es technologiques pour passer d\u00e9sormais par des satellites en orbite. Au Canada, c’est la cha\u00eene <i>CBC-Radio-Canada<\/i> qui ouvre le bal d\u00e8s 1979.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\">Av\u00e8nement des ordinateurs personnels<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>La p\u00e9riode des ann\u00e9es 1980 restera dans les annales de l’Histoire. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la miniaturisation, l’\u00e9poque voit les ordinateurs passer des mains presque exclusives de grandes entreprises et institutions \u00e0 celles des simples citoyens. Bien qu’il ne s’agisse pas l\u00e0 d’un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la radiodiffusion, ce changement transforme du tout au tout le mode d’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’information, aux nouvelles et aux divertissements. Les r\u00e9seaux de radiodiffusion traditionnels, initialement peu affect\u00e9s par l’arriv\u00e9e des ordinateurs, voient des stations commencer \u00e0 s’en \u00e9quiper.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\">R\u00e9volution d’Internet<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-2\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-2\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00c0 compter de 1983, un nouveau mode de communication fait son apparition. Il s’agit d’Internet, le r\u00e9seau informatique mondial, consistant en un r\u00e9seau de r\u00e9seaux qui rend accessibles des services divers et vari\u00e9s dont, entre autres, le courrier \u00e9lectronique. Lent \u00e0 faire sentir son impact vu le nombre limit\u00e9 d’ordinateurs qui y sont connect\u00e9s, estim\u00e9 \u00e0 seulement 10\u00a0000 en 1987, Internet m\u00e8ne toutefois \u00e0 de toutes nouvelles mani\u00e8res d’interagir entre entreprises et individus \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle plan\u00e9taire. L’ordinateur entre d\u00e9sormais en comp\u00e9tition directe avec le secteur de la radiodiffusion. Il devient un outil exceptionnel pour la recherche d’information et de divertissements litt\u00e9raires, sonores et visuels.<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\t1989-1998 – \u00c8re du World Wide Web\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">L’ordinateur personnel prend sa place<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie du 20e si\u00e8cle, l’ordinateur personnel devient un bien de consommation incontournable. D\u00e8s 1989, on parle de 100\u00a0000 appareils connect\u00e9s \u00e0 Internet, 10 fois plus que 3 ans auparavant. Ce nombre passe \u00e0 36 millions en 1996. Aujourd’hui, un peu plus de 20 ans plus tard, on estime \u00e0 plus de 4,15 milliards le nombre d’internautes \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle mondiale. \u00c0 l’image de la radio des ann\u00e9es 1930, de la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision des ann\u00e9es 1950 et de la radio transistor des ann\u00e9es 1960 et 1970, l’ordinateur personnel s’ajoute d\u00e9sormais aux agents technologiques de transformation de nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\">World Wide Web<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parmi les d\u00e9veloppements qui ont rendu les ordinateurs personnels si populaires, on doit citer l’arriv\u00e9e du World Wide Web (la Toile,\u00a0 www, le web) en 1990. Ce syst\u00e8me hypertexte public qui lie les pages web entre elles permet de consulter des pages web accessibles avec un navigateur sur des sites partout dans le monde. En d’autres mots, il donne acc\u00e8s \u00e0 tous les internautes du monde \u00e0 toutes les donn\u00e9es rendues disponibles sur Internet par d’autres internautes. Ce niveau d’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’information locale, national et internationale n’a d’\u00e9gal que la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer la v\u00e9racit\u00e9 des informations accessibles.<\/p>\n<h4>\n\t\tLa radio au 21e si\u00e8cle\n\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\">La radio s’adapte aux ordinateurs<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-0\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-0\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>En l’an 2000, on a estim\u00e9 \u00e0 368\u00a0540\u00a0000 le nombre d’ordinateurs connect\u00e9s \u00e0 Internet. L’ordinateur personnel est devenu l’outil de communication par excellence. On y trouve d\u00e9sormais des stations webradio qui offrent des contenus souvent cibl\u00e9s pour des publics sp\u00e9cifiques. Ce format est aussi tr\u00e8s populaire aupr\u00e8s des stations FM qui appr\u00e9cient pouvoir diffuser via Internet. En radiodiffusion, certaines stations demeurent classiques, alors que d’autres diffusent en ligne une programmation vari\u00e9e, tant\u00f4t g\u00e9n\u00e9raliste, tant\u00f4t \u00e0 contenu principalement musical.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--label-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\">Ordinateurs dans la paume de sa main<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" id=\"fl-accordion--icon-1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"fl-accordion--panel-1\"><i>Expand<\/i><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00c0 la fin du 20e si\u00e8cle, l’information en ligne et la communication entre individus sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien desservies par les ordinateurs personnels. Le 21e si\u00e8cle voit appara\u00eetre les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones intelligents. Ces appareils aux multiples fonctions dont la t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile, les cam\u00e9ras et les vid\u00e9oscopes jouent \u00e9galement le r\u00f4le de petits ordinateurs portatifs. En passant par Internet, ils permettent toute la gamme des \u00e9changes possibles entre internautes\u00a0: message texte, appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique, photographie, vid\u00e9o \u00e0 des co\u00fbts des plus raisonnables. En 2014, les ventes de ces t\u00e9l\u00e9phones d\u00e9passaient le milliard d’unit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3309\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3309\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/celpphone_sony-EIDT-1024x635.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"635\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3309\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>T\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable Sony Ericsson s\u00e9rie Z, avec \u00e9couteur Bluetooth. Source : Mus\u00e9e des ondes Emile Berliner<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\n\t\tConclusion\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<p>Lorsqu’on tient compte du cr\u00e9neau qu’occupent les ordinateurs et les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones intelligents dans le quotidien des gens, on pourrait penser que l’int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les stations radiophoniques traditionnelles risque de s’effriter. Pourtant, il n’en est rien. La radio demeure l’outil par excellence pour d\u00e9couvrir de nouvelles musiques et se garder au fait des derni\u00e8res nouvelles.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Le fait est que les stations radiophoniques s’adaptent. Par exemple, elles figurent d\u00e9sormais parmi les postes disponibles sur nos t\u00e9l\u00e9viseurs. Par ailleurs, les \u00e9missions matinales qu’elles diffusent, tout comme celles anim\u00e9es en cours de journ\u00e9e par des personnalit\u00e9s et comme les tribunes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques en soir\u00e9e, demeurent tr\u00e8s populaires, en particulier chez les automobilistes. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’apparition de syst\u00e8mes reli\u00e9s \u00e0 Internet dans les automobiles depuis 2014, on note une multiplication des stations de radio Internet.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Il y a cent ans, lorsque furent r\u00e9alis\u00e9es les premi\u00e8res exp\u00e9riences de radiodiffusion \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, on \u00e9tait loin de se douter de l’impact qu’auraient celles-ci sur notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Forts de ce premier si\u00e8cle de changements importants, on est endroit de se demander aujourd’hui ce qu’auront \u00e0 raconter nos descendants dans cent ans d’ici.<\/p>\n<h2>\n\t\tCompl\u00e9tez votre visite\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<p>La <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/timelines.moeb.ca\/embed\/fr\/#event-centenaire-de-la-radiodiffusion-au-canada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chronologie<\/a><\/strong> dans le menu principal accompagne le contenu de cette exposition. Vous pouvez l’utiliser pour explorer les objets expos\u00e9s au mus\u00e9e, ainsi que le contexte historique, culturel et technologique qui les entoure.<\/p>\n<h2>\n\t\tPoste d’\u00e9coute\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<p>\u00c9coutez quelques extraits d’\u00e9missions populaires de l’\u00e2ge d’or de la radio montr\u00e9alaise!<\/p>\n\t\t<meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/AudioClipsFA.mp3\" \/><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-3373-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/AudioClipsFA.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/AudioClipsFA.mp3\">https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/AudioClipsFA.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n\t<p>[00:00] Canadian Confederation Diamond Jubilee (1927)<\/p>\n<p>[01:14] Le Club sportif (1939)<\/p>\n<p>[02:44] Entrevue Be Hive Michel Normandin et Maurice Richard (1950)<\/p>\n<p>[04:06] 400e but M Richard (1954)<\/p>\n<p>[04:54] Finale Coupe Stanley Boston-Montreal (1953)<\/p>\n<p>[06:16] Les Canadiens gagnent la Coupe Stanley (1993)<\/p>\n<p>[07:23] The Velvet Touch sur CFRB (1950)<\/p>\n<p>[07:52] Un homme et son p\u00e9ch\u00e9 (1948)<\/p>\n<p>[10:00] Marcel Ouimet \u00e0 Londres (1943)<\/p>\n<p>[11:38] Rationnement Roger Baul (1942)<\/p>\n<p>[13:00] Liberation de Paris (1944)<\/p>\n<p>[14:22] Acquisition de CJAD (1960)<\/p>\n<p>[15:09] La Rumba des radioromans (1940)<\/p>\n<p>[15:52] Conclusion \u00e9mission CKVL (196?)<\/p>\n<p>[16:32] Willie Eckstein jouait du piano<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ex_listeningStation-edit-1024x815.jpg\" alt=\"Listening Station\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"815\" width=\"1024\" title=\"Listening Station\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" \/>\n\t<p><em>Poste d’\u00e9coute dans l’exposition temporaire.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>\n\t\tCr\u00e9dits et remerciements\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<p>L’exposition \u00ab 100 ans de radiodiffusion \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al \u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par le Mus\u00e9e des ondes Emile Berliner.<\/p>\n<em>Concept :<\/em> Anja Borck<br \/>\n<em>R\u00e9daction des textes :<\/em> Michel L. Forest<br \/>\n<em>Traduction :<\/em> Emily Smith; <em>R\u00e9vision :<\/em> Louise Cousineau et Robert Ronald<br \/>\n<em>Conseiller technique :<\/em> Alain Dufour, SQCRA<br \/>\n<em>Recherche iconographique :<\/em> Michel L. Forest, Alain Dufour et Anja Borck<br \/>\n<em>Design :<\/em> Karine Chartrand et Martin Desrochers<br \/>\n<em>Production :<\/em> Adam van Sertima, Karine Chartrand et Martin Desrochers<br \/>\n<em>Production num\u00e9rique :<\/em> Groupe Toumoro Inc. \/ Benoit Dubuc<br \/>\n<em>Gestion de la production num\u00e9rique pour le MOEB :<\/em> Mariana Mejia Ahrens<br \/>\n<em>\u00c9quipe de soutien :<\/em> B\u00e9n\u00e9voles et \u00e9tudiants en stage au MOEB : Robert Adamczyk, Daniel Barri\u00e8re, Jean B\u00e9lisle, Charlotte Bisanz, Anthony Caporali, Antoine Cloutier-B\u00e9lisle, Marc Donato, Daniel Labelle, Jean Marcotte, Maurice McDuff, Robert McDuff, Serge Morin, Laval Rhainds, Mariam Salaymeh, Emily Smith, Pierre M. Valiquette\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Logo-MOEB-300x163.png\" alt=\"MOEB logo\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"163\" width=\"300\" title=\"Logo MOEB\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/logo-montreal.jpg\" alt=\"logo-montreal\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"98\" width=\"209\" title=\"logo-montreal\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/QUEBEC_w3_couleur.png\" alt=\"Qu\u00e9bec_logo\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"60\" width=\"199\" title=\"Qu\u00e9bec_logo\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/logo-canada.jpg\" alt=\"logo-canada\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"106\" width=\"222\" title=\"logo-canada\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" \/>\n\t<p>L’exposition a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d’un appui financier du programme \u00ab Patrimoines montr\u00e9alais : une mise en valeur dans les quartiers \u00bb, un programme financ\u00e9 dans le cadre de l’Entente sur le d\u00e9veloppement culturel de Montr\u00e9al conclue entre la Ville de Montr\u00e9al et le gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec et de l’appui de g\u00e9n\u00e9reux donateurs du Mus\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>La production num\u00e9rique a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d’un appui financier du gouvernement du Canada dans le cadre du programme \u00ab D\u00e9veloppement des communaut\u00e9s par le biais des arts et du patrimoine \u00bb de Patrimoine Canadien.<\/p>\n\n","excerpt":"En mai 2020, Montr\u00e9al c\u00e9l\u00e9bre le centi\u00e8me anniversaire d’une transmission radiophonique historique au Canada et de l’accession de la station radio XWA au titre de premi\u00e8re station de radiodiffusion professionnelle au Canada. Cet accomplissement met \u00e0 profit le g\u00e9nie inventif et les d\u00e9couvertes d’un ensemble de chercheurs internationaux dont le Canadien Reginald Aubrey Fessenden ainsi […]","acf":false}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3373"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3373\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radio100.moeb.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}